 |
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Camellia |
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A public key encryption algorithm developed by Mitsubishi Electric in collaboration with NTT Information Sharing Platform Laboratories.
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| CMS |
|
Cryptographic Message Syntax
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| Common key (Symmetric-key) cryptography |
|
An encryption system that uses a single key.
The merit of common key encryption is high-speed processing. But
one of its demerits is that encrypted communications with several
different people makes the whole process of managing keys very time-consuming
and even confusing.
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| CRYPTREC |
|
Cryptography Research & Evaluation Committee.
Launched in 2000 with the mission of listing encryption algorithms
suitable for application as the foundation for the e-government scheduled
for completion in Japan, in fiscal year 2003. Cryptographic technology
evaluations are conducted by a Cryptographic Technology Assessment
Committee comprising top cryptography specialists.
Based on the Cryptographic Technology Assessment Committee's technical
evaluations, MISTY and Camellia were listed on the Recommended Encryption
for E-government List announced by the Ministry of Public Management,
Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications and Ministry of Economy,
Trade and Industry on February 20, 2003.
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DES |
|
Data Encryption Standard. A symmetric-key
encryption algorithm adopted as the federal information processing
standard by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology
in 1977. It was formerly the most frequently used 56 bit-key commercial
encoding.
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| Differential cryptanalysis |
|
A method of decryption published in 1990 by
Adi Shamir. He proved that by using the "bias" inherent
in the process of encryption, it is possible to greatly reduce the
number of calculations necessary to break a cryptosystem.
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|
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ECDH |
|
Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman key
agreement
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| ECDSA |
|
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm.
A digital signature algorithm based on elliptic curve cryptosystems;
it has been selected by NESSIE and CRYPTREC as one of the recommended
signature schemes.
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| e-governance |
|
A governance support tool that allow various
tasks including administration to be executed electrically by utilizing
computer systems and Internet technology.
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| Electronic authentication |
|
A technology to realize seals and seal certificates
in the electronic world by utilizing electronic signatures and public
key certificates (electronic certificates).
|
| Elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) |
|
Public key cryptosystems utilizing the mathematical
operations over elliptic curves. They can encrypt the data using
short key lengths at high efficiency while maintaining the high level
of security, thus it is receiving attention as the new generation
public key cryptosystems that can replace RSA schemes.
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|
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IPA |
|
Japan's Information Technology
Promotion Agency
|
| ISO and JTC1/SC27 |
|
The ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
and the JTC1/SC27, a special committee that promotes the standardization
of information security, including encryption, have been working
toward standardizing symmetric-key encryption algorithms. Symmetric-key
encryption algorithms are scheduled to be standardized in 2005, and
MISTY and Camellia are the major candidates for standardization.
|
|
KASUMI |
|
A symmetric-key encryption algorithm
developed by Mitsubishi Electric in 2000 as the standard encryption
algorithm for next-generation W-CDMA mobile communications.
|
|
Linear cryptanalysis |
|
A decryption method announced by
Mitsuru Matsui in 1993. It involves approximating part of the conversion
process of data encryption using a simple linear function. This makes
it possible to reduce the number of calculation rounds required to
fewer than that of the differential decryption method. It also has
the benefit of making it possible to use a plain text attack for
decryption.
|
|
MISTY |
|
A 64-bit public key encryption algorithm
introduced by Mitsubishi Electric.
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| MUGI |
|
128 bit key length stream encryption algorithm
developed by Hitachi. Specifications are already disclosed and published.
|
| MULTI-S01 |
|
256 bit key length stream encryption algorithm
developed by Hitachi. Specifications are already disclosed and published.
|
|
NESSIE |
|
New European Schemes for Signature,
Integrity, and Encryption. A cryptographic technology assessment
project based mainly in Europe. Initiated in 2000. The purpose of
this project is to nurture the industry-academic consensus of encryption
algorithms and to contribute to the further research of information
security and to the development of business in Europe. Based on the
results of technical evaluations, MISTY and Camellia were certified
among the strongest encryption algorithms recommended by the NESSIE
consortium.
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|
OAEP |
|
Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding
|
|
PKI |
|
Public Key Infrastructure
|
| PSEC-KEM |
|
A public key encryption algorithm developed
by NTT. Specifications are already disclosed and published.
|
| PSS |
|
Probabilistic Signature Scheme
|
| Public key cryptography |
|
An encryption system that not only protects
information but also enables to check on the real identity of the
person who sends a message or other information. This is ideal for
e-commerce, etc. that makes use of the Internet to communicate with
an unspecified number of people. The demerit of this system is that
processing is complex and thus not usually fast.
|
|
Quantum cryptography |
|
In the microscopic world, once a
system is observed, it is inevitably affected and changes into another
state (Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle). By incorporating the
fact that weak light behaves as "photons" subject to this
law, quantum cryptography is an unbreakable cryptography with the
photons becoming the information carriers.
|
|
RSA |
|
A public-key encryption method developed
in 1978 by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman
|
|
SHA-1 |
|
A US government standard hash function
|
| SHA-256 |
|
A US government standard hash function
|
|
TAO |
|
Japan's Telecommunications
Advancement Organization; however, the name has been changed, effective
January 2004, to the National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology (NICT).
|
| Triple-DES |
|
A three-fold method of applying symmetric-key
encryption algorithm DES
|
|
Ubiquitous |
|
Derived from Latin meaning "exists
everywhere". It means the environment where user can access
information network like the Internet at any time from everywhere.
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